Preventing Liquid Evaporation from Pools Using Floating Covers
Given the water scarcity crisis, preserving existing water resources and preventing evaporation from open reservoirs is essential. Two main methods for preventing water evaporation from ponds and pools are discussed below. Suspended Covers These are large, horizontal, sail-like structures stretched above the water surface and supported by external steel cables. Suspended systems are classified according […]
Carbon Black as a UV Stabilizer
Carbon black is the generic name for a family of small, generally amorphous or paracrystalline carbon particles that grow together to form aggregates of various shapes and sizes. It is an engineered form of carbon with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. It forms in the gas phase through the thermal decomposition of various hydrocarbon sources. Commercial […]
The Best Additives for UV Stabilization of Plastics
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes plastics to degrade over time. Photodegradation occurs when invisible, short-wavelength UV radiation breaks polymer chains. This leads to deterioration in the properties of the part, including reduced impact resistance, discoloration, cracking, reduced elongation at break and tensile strength, and surface flaking. UV radiation accounts for only 4.6% of solar […]
Calcium Carbonate, a Filler for Polymers
Calcium carbonate fillers are ideal for many polymer applications, with global consumption reaching several million tons per year. Calcium carbonate is available in two forms: natural or ground calcium carbonate (GCC), with particle sizes of 0.5–100 µm, and synthetic or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), with particle sizes below 100 nm for applications requiring nanoscale particles, […]