Carbon black is the generic name for a family of small, generally amorphous or paracrystalline carbon particles that grow together to form aggregates of various shapes and sizes. It is an engineered form of carbon with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. It forms in the gas phase through the thermal decomposition of various hydrocarbon sources. Commercial grades differ in primary particle size, aggregate size and shape, porosity, surface area, and surface chemistry.<\/p>\n
Carbon black is primarily used as a reinforcing filler in tires and other rubber products. Specialty grades are also used as black pigments in plastics, paints, and inks, and as fillers to impart electrical conductivity to polymers.<\/p>\n
History<\/strong><\/p>\n The use of carbon black as a pigment in paints and inks dates back to early civilizations. Since the invention of the printing press in the 15th century, which played a major role in communication and information exchange, demand for high-quality black pigments has grown steadily. The traditional form of carbon black was lampblack. In the earliest lampblack production process, wood was burned without a flame under very low-oxygen conditions, and the resulting smoke was directed into a conical chamber. Soot accumulated on metal, linen, or wool surfaces, while the partially burned wood was used as charcoal.<\/p>\n In 1900, lampblack manufacturer Binney sold carbon black to tire manufacturer Goodrich Tire, which initially used it to turn white rubber black. It was later discovered that adding carbon black improved rubber properties. Its benefits gradually became widely known, and it became an essential ingredient in tire manufacturing. In addition to reinforcement, carbon black\u2019s UV resistance and ozone-scavenging action protect tires against UV radiation and oxidation, preventing cracking. It also prevents electrostatic charge buildup and helps conduct heat away from specific areas, particularly the tire tread, potentially extending tire life by reducing thermal damage.<\/p>\n The introduction of synthetic rubbers, particularly SBR, during World War II increased carbon black consumption. This was especially significant after carbon-black-reinforced synthetic rubbers were found to offer much greater abrasion resistance than natural rubber. Its thermal and electrical conductivity, UV resistance, antioxidant effect, and use as a pigment have made carbon black an important material in the polymer industry.<\/p>\n Various weather factors contribute to polymer degradation, including radiation, temperature, humidity, and wind. Due to their short wavelengths, UV rays can interact with the organic chains of polymers, generating free radicals that contribute to degradation. UV radiation in sunlight therefore has a significant effect on weathering. Many polymers are inherently unsuitable for outdoor use because they degrade rapidly under light, particularly UV radiation. Components of sunlight can accelerate degradation, especially in combination with ozone and other aggressive environmental chemicals.<\/p>\n Parts exposed to light can be protected using umbrella-like covers, but this is generally ineffective and expensive. A simple, inexpensive solution is therefore needed. Internal stabilizers incorporated into the part along with the raw materials provide an effective solution. Stabilizers absorb or transmit damaging UV light and convert its energy into heat. The heat dissipates harmlessly throughout the part and is released.<\/p>\n Carbon black absorbs visible and UV light and converts it into heat, thereby stabilizing the part and making it suitable for outdoor use. Its most important characteristics affecting stabilization are particle size, aggregate size, and surface chemistry. UV stabilization by carbon black in polymers depends on its ability to absorb and backscatter light. Smaller primary particles and aggregates provide greater absorption but lower backscattering. For effective performance, particle sizes should be below 20\u201325 nm. Surface chemistry is also important: oxygen-containing groups improve effectiveness by acting as radical scavengers.<\/p>\n The failure point is generally defined as the point at which the property being studied, such as tensile strength, falls below 50% of its initial value. Research results show that materials without carbon black reach this point in less than six months of outdoor exposure. In contrast, parts containing carbon black retain more than 90% of their initial strength even after 30 months of exposure. This demonstrates the excellent performance of carbon black as a UV stabilizer.<\/p>\n Carbon black can be used in the following plastic applications:<\/p>\n Carbon black is the generic name for a family of small, generally amorphous or paracrystalline carbon particles that grow together to form aggregates of various shapes and sizes. It is an engineered form of carbon with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. It forms in the gas phase through the thermal decomposition of various hydrocarbon sources. Commercial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[173,172,191,189,193,194,192,190],"class_list":["post-6054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-masterbatch-and-compounds","tag-black-masterbatch","tag-carbon-black","tag-carbon-black-dispersion","tag-carbon-black-uv-stabilizer","tag-outdoor-polymer-applications","tag-pipe-coating-compounds","tag-polymer-weathering","tag-uv-protection-for-plastics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6054"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6055,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6054\/revisions\/6055"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsite.padenapolymer.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Carbon Black for UV Protection<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Example:<\/h5>\n
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